Macro photography is primarily used to capture extremely close-up details of a subject. Imagine the veins on a leaf or the hair on a fly – these types of shots are captured using a macro lens.
To take a macro photo on your phone, you have to be relatively close to your subject, slowly moving the lens in to focus in on the detail you want to capture. To avoid blur, for example, you might want to choose a sleepy cat instead of an adventuresome one.
You may want to explore macro photography apps for your phone to get better texture photos.